Brendan Burgess
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Here is the report of the Oireachtas Finance Committee meeting with Governor Lane
Deputy Michael McGrath:
On the prevailing rate issue that applies in both AIB and Permanent TSB, AIB included in its December update an additional 4,000 customers and AIB is proposing that they receive compensation of €1,000 plus €615 towards independent advice. My understanding is that this is a cohort of customers who were never on a tracker rate but were on a fixed rate of interest for a period and under their mortgage contract, at the end of the fixed rate period they were entitled to go on to a tracker rate at the prevailing rate, which is the term that was used in the mortgage contract. When they came off the fixed rate, however, they were not offered such a tracker rate because the trackers no longer existed or were not being offered by the bank at that time. Nonetheless their mortgage contract entitled them to a tracker rate at the prevailing rate. A tracker, as we all know here, is the ECB rate plus a margin. The margin remains fixed. The ECB varies in line with the ECB base rate. Will Professor Lane talk us through that issue?
Professor Philip Lane: I think it is important to be clear about this. Those contracts specified that when one rolled off the fixed rate, the mortgage holder was entitled to a tracker loan at the prevailing rate. They were not offered a tracker mortgage. That is why they are receiving this flat rate compensation because the option of the tracker was not offered. This is why they are included and they are receiving a payment because they should have received the offer of a tracker and they did not. The second point is - and we have looked at the issue very closely because we appreciate there are many people who are very concerned about this and we are aware of different interpretations of what "prevailing" might mean to different people. Ms Rowland might wish to add to my remarks, having been to the front of concluding an agreement with the banks. There are all sorts of tracker contracts out there. Deputy McGrath mentioned the fact there is a fixed margin. That is not the case for all tracker mortgages. The margin in some of the tracker mortgages could be linked to the cost of funding to the banks. The trackers were not offered, when they should have been offered and then the question is, at what rate would the bank have offered a tracker under these contracts at that time, if they had made the offer? This is where the calculation the Deputy is seeing is that they are being offered trackers at more than 3% because that reflected the cost of funds to the banks after they shot up after the crisis. By the autumn of 2008, if the bank were to offer tracker mortgages at the prevailing rates, they would have offered trackers at significantly higher rates. The point is that these were not trackers that promised a fixed margin over ECB. We went through this in great detail because we were always looking to make sure that from a consumer's perspective we had checked every angle, looked under every corner of this. When we looked through this with our experts, the conclusion was that was what would have happened if they had been offered a tracker. It would have been an expensive tracker. These were not fixed margin over ECB. These were trackers where the margin could vary. This is why we have ended up in this situation. I will make one more point and then I am sure Ms Rowland can add to this. The fact that they are in the examination, are being contacted by the banks and are receiving this offer means that the independent appeals mechanism is open to them. If they believe that this is not adequate, they have the full access to the independent appeals mechanism to challenge it if they believe this is not sufficient or appropriate. As with all mortgage holders, the ombudsman and the courts remain open. It is essential that we put them into the examination because they are receiving this payment because they should have been offered a tracker and they were not. In addition, if they believe this is not appropriate to their individual case, they can bring forward an appeal. Ms. Rowland led this work and maybe she will elaborate.
Ms Derville Rowland: The Governor has described it as it is. Deputy McGrath asked in particular about the AIB case. AIB will be in a better position to tell the Deputy more than I can from its point of view, but there was contractual right to have a tracker offered and that did not in fact happen. We call that a breach of contract. The compensatory payment is for that. Then a second question arises, which is the actual tracker rate. It may be said that some contracts are watertight on these issues because they actually have in print in the contract what that rate is to be and then it is beyond discussion or dispute. They are often called a price promise tracker, where one has a number in the contract document and there is very little argument about those types of contracts. When one has a phrase such as "the then prevailing rate" in a contract, there is a question of interpretation from different points of view. Whether one agrees or not, there is a question of interpretation about what that means. In this instance, not all contracts are as watertight as other contracts but it is very important for customers who are included in the scheme. By being included in the scheme, it means that all the benefits of the framework are available to be used in the scheme. There may be individual circumstances or information people have had in their own sales experience that may not exactly be systemic or it may be peculiar to their own experience when they are entering into the contract that they can bring forward to the appeals mechanism. In fact, the framework was designed precisely to deal with issues where people may have particular information that they can bring forward. That certainly is the case here. These are inside the benefit of the framework and they can bring forward any information that they wish to about that prevailing rate issue if they have extra information.
Deputy Michael McGrath:
Has the Central Bank approved the banks' approach to and conclusion on this issue?
Professor Philip Lane: Yes, this is an example.
From our work, these are now receiving a payment for contract violation and they are in the examination so they have the right to bring forward appeals. I refer to someone in a situation with a prevailing rate tracker. From a systemic point of view, we have looked at it and said that these prevailing rate trackers did not have the fixed margin promise. If a hypothetical tracker was calculated based on market funding and so on, they would have been expensive trackers if they had been offered in autumn 2008. However, by virtue of being inside the examination, it depends on what an individual was told by his or her bank manager and it depends on what documentation he or she may have received. I am not going to rule out that an individual with a prevailing rate tracker may be able to show to the independent appeals mechanism that in his or her case he or she might have been assured that this meant a cheap tracker or something else. This is the balance that is being struck. In general, this type of tracker did not promise it was going to be at some low fixed margin. Some trackers are expensive. However, because they are in the examination, the individual's circumstances, and his or her individual understanding, can be explored within the appeals mechanism.
Deputy Michael McGrath:


Professor Philip Lane: I think it is important to be clear about this. Those contracts specified that when one rolled off the fixed rate, the mortgage holder was entitled to a tracker loan at the prevailing rate. They were not offered a tracker mortgage. That is why they are receiving this flat rate compensation because the option of the tracker was not offered. This is why they are included and they are receiving a payment because they should have received the offer of a tracker and they did not. The second point is - and we have looked at the issue very closely because we appreciate there are many people who are very concerned about this and we are aware of different interpretations of what "prevailing" might mean to different people. Ms Rowland might wish to add to my remarks, having been to the front of concluding an agreement with the banks. There are all sorts of tracker contracts out there. Deputy McGrath mentioned the fact there is a fixed margin. That is not the case for all tracker mortgages. The margin in some of the tracker mortgages could be linked to the cost of funding to the banks. The trackers were not offered, when they should have been offered and then the question is, at what rate would the bank have offered a tracker under these contracts at that time, if they had made the offer? This is where the calculation the Deputy is seeing is that they are being offered trackers at more than 3% because that reflected the cost of funds to the banks after they shot up after the crisis. By the autumn of 2008, if the bank were to offer tracker mortgages at the prevailing rates, they would have offered trackers at significantly higher rates. The point is that these were not trackers that promised a fixed margin over ECB. We went through this in great detail because we were always looking to make sure that from a consumer's perspective we had checked every angle, looked under every corner of this. When we looked through this with our experts, the conclusion was that was what would have happened if they had been offered a tracker. It would have been an expensive tracker. These were not fixed margin over ECB. These were trackers where the margin could vary. This is why we have ended up in this situation. I will make one more point and then I am sure Ms Rowland can add to this. The fact that they are in the examination, are being contacted by the banks and are receiving this offer means that the independent appeals mechanism is open to them. If they believe that this is not adequate, they have the full access to the independent appeals mechanism to challenge it if they believe this is not sufficient or appropriate. As with all mortgage holders, the ombudsman and the courts remain open. It is essential that we put them into the examination because they are receiving this payment because they should have been offered a tracker and they were not. In addition, if they believe this is not appropriate to their individual case, they can bring forward an appeal. Ms. Rowland led this work and maybe she will elaborate.
Ms Derville Rowland: The Governor has described it as it is. Deputy McGrath asked in particular about the AIB case. AIB will be in a better position to tell the Deputy more than I can from its point of view, but there was contractual right to have a tracker offered and that did not in fact happen. We call that a breach of contract. The compensatory payment is for that. Then a second question arises, which is the actual tracker rate. It may be said that some contracts are watertight on these issues because they actually have in print in the contract what that rate is to be and then it is beyond discussion or dispute. They are often called a price promise tracker, where one has a number in the contract document and there is very little argument about those types of contracts. When one has a phrase such as "the then prevailing rate" in a contract, there is a question of interpretation from different points of view. Whether one agrees or not, there is a question of interpretation about what that means. In this instance, not all contracts are as watertight as other contracts but it is very important for customers who are included in the scheme. By being included in the scheme, it means that all the benefits of the framework are available to be used in the scheme. There may be individual circumstances or information people have had in their own sales experience that may not exactly be systemic or it may be peculiar to their own experience when they are entering into the contract that they can bring forward to the appeals mechanism. In fact, the framework was designed precisely to deal with issues where people may have particular information that they can bring forward. That certainly is the case here. These are inside the benefit of the framework and they can bring forward any information that they wish to about that prevailing rate issue if they have extra information.
Deputy Michael McGrath:


Professor Philip Lane: Yes, this is an example.
From our work, these are now receiving a payment for contract violation and they are in the examination so they have the right to bring forward appeals. I refer to someone in a situation with a prevailing rate tracker. From a systemic point of view, we have looked at it and said that these prevailing rate trackers did not have the fixed margin promise. If a hypothetical tracker was calculated based on market funding and so on, they would have been expensive trackers if they had been offered in autumn 2008. However, by virtue of being inside the examination, it depends on what an individual was told by his or her bank manager and it depends on what documentation he or she may have received. I am not going to rule out that an individual with a prevailing rate tracker may be able to show to the independent appeals mechanism that in his or her case he or she might have been assured that this meant a cheap tracker or something else. This is the balance that is being struck. In general, this type of tracker did not promise it was going to be at some low fixed margin. Some trackers are expensive. However, because they are in the examination, the individual's circumstances, and his or her individual understanding, can be explored within the appeals mechanism.