Hello.
Your question is excellent .
Engineered can be used to describe any product with more than 1 layer, hence laminate, semi solid and solid engineered are all engineered.
The term solid engineered usually means 15mm of birch plywood [11 layers]with a 5.5mm/6mm wear layer of hardwood.
These are usually sold 6 feet long and 7.5 inches wide.
They are termed solid because they are structural (i.e. if you wanted to install them on joists/battens they will support a humans weight).
They can be floated on underlay, glued down, nailed to plywood or stapled.
A semi solid is 14 or 15 mm in total with an approx wear layer of 3mm.
These are usually of pine construction, 3 layers in total.
These must be installed over a solid superstructure (i.e. plywood or concrete).
They can not be nailed or will not be suitable on joists.
The advantages of solid engineered is a thicker hardwood layer which when sanded in years to come will not "railroad track" because of its plywood base.
Semi solid has a tendency to do this because of its structure.
Engineered are more suitable for underfloor heating as they were specifically designed to take stress of heating/cooling and are generally better timbers than their semi solid cousins.
LAMINATE usually has a syntethic surface laid onto a hdf or mdf base, very few have a hardwood layer.
Almost all engineered flooring is suitable for underfloor heating provided it is a hot pipe system which will not exceed 27 degrees celcius.
Seperate conditions and warranties apply for electric underfloor heating.
When pricing flooring in general the budget floors are usually from the far east in origin.
Flooring which originates in Europe or America will generally be of greater structural integrity, better timber, longer, wider and consequently more expensive.