The ants themselves don't damage the roots of plants. The only potential problem is their presence there creates air-pockets so the roots die off at those points. There is no way (given we're talking Mother Nature!) to 'get rid' of an integral part of it such as ants. I've found over the years that using ceramic pot-stands which keep the tubs and pots raised a couple of inches above the ground deter ants, woodlice and anything else that nestles in under containers. There are dozens of ways of killing ants but what's the point? They are hardworking, useful insects who clear up rubbish. You need to encourage them elsewhere. Repotting your shrub rose (letting them find their way off to another site whilst you do so) and placing the container somewhere else is one way to 'lose' them. I'm puzzled about why they're there. If they were shepharding aphids and milking them for their juice I could understand it but it doesn't sound as if your shrub has aphids?