RTÉ - "ComReg pre-registers over 7,000 Sender IDs to prevent scam texts"

Comreg stated the SMS volume in 2023 was 2.1 billion, but some 30% of that was Application-to-Person messaging. I think the peak of SMS was back in 2012 with 3 billion messages sent that year.
 
I have a question. When ComReg registers a 'Sender ID', what are they actually registering?
Is this just the Sender ID text which identifies the sender to the recipient. If so, I don't see the point as these can be spoofed to what ever you want. Are they also registering some other unique non modifiable code? AFAIK the phone number can also be spoofed as well.