Diversification - good or bad?

Colm Fagan

Registered User
Messages
641
Some of you may take issue with the headline “Diversification’s a false god, believe me” in today’s “Diary of a Private Investor” column in the Sunday Times. I don’t blame you: I take issue with the headline too, and I wrote the column!

As anyone who has ever had dealings with the media knows, contributors don’t write the headlines: it’s the editors and sub editors who do. That was what happened here.

In writing the column, I have a firm resolution to avoid advising readers what they should or should not do. I simply tell them what I am doing; they can make up their own minds on whether or not they agree with me.

Of course, I stand by everything that I have written, but I’m not asking anyone else to believe me. I’m very happy to engage in a discussion - here or elsewhere - on the advantages and disadvantages of diversification, but as a reasonably informed amateur, not as a professional financial adviser, which I am not.
 
The experts advise against getting attached to a particular share; that it can damage your financial health. I think they’re wrong. Renishaw is a FTSE 250 company, which means it’s one of the 350 leading quoted companies in the UK, but ranking below the elite FTSE 100. It was founded more than 40 years ago by a Dubliner, David (now Sir David) McMurtry and his colleague John Deer. McMurtry is still the chairman and chief executive, at a sprightly 75.

I bought my first Renishaw shares in 1998 at just over £4 (€5.4) a share. The yearly dividend was 11.44p, equivalent to an “interest rate” of 2.8% on my money. A pre-tax return of 2.8% was less than I could have got (net) from the Post Office at the time but I was confident that Renishaw’s dividends would increase.

My confidence was fully justified. The dividend has increased more than fourfold, to 46.5p a share, equivalent to an “interest rate” of more than 11% on my original investment.

As I write, the share price is £19.80, almost five times the cost in 1998. Not bad, considering also the steady flow of dividends in the meantime. No wonder I’m attached to the share.

The problem with such attachment is that I consistently think it’s worth more than the value placed on it by the market. Every time the price dips, and it fluctuates quite violently at times, I am tempted to increase my holding. The end result is that I now have far more exposure to Renishaw than the experts, who worship at the altar of diversification, think is reasonable. They advise me to sell some of my shares to reduce my exposure.

Should I take their advice? Let’s do the sums. I have learned the hard way (see last month’s column) not to buy or sell a share without first checking the numbers. Most importantly, Renishaw’s future looks bright. It is a world leader in designing and making sophisticated measuring instruments for manufacturers. Increased complexity in manufacturing helps to ensure a strong demand for its metrology products. It also has exciting technologies in healthcare and 3D printing.

Through good times and bad, Renishaw invests about 15% of its revenues in engineering and research and development (R&D). Published accounts must show R&D expenditure as money down the drain but in reality it is the best possible protection against obsolescence.

Renishaw has no debt and millions in the bank. It owns many of the premises it occupies, from Swords to Shanghai. Another positive is that the two founder directors own more than 50% of the business between them, so their interests are aligned to mine.

The company refuses all requests for “nod and a wink” meetings with analysts. The analysts don’t like this but it means that I, as a private investor, know as much about the company as they do.

Renishaw normally aims to pay around 50% of its profits in dividends. It also aims for a smooth progression of dividends from one year to the next. In recent years, dividend growth has not kept pace with the fast growth in profits, so the dividend payout ratio has fallen below the targeted 50%. In the year to June 30 last, Renishaw’s earnings were £1.675 per share, but 2015 was exceptional. Profits were more than double their 2014 level, because of once-off orders from the Far East. The company projects middle-of-the-range earnings for 2016 of around £1.12 a share, down 33% on 2015.

In assuming virtually no repeat of last year’s once-off orders, I believe the company is too cautious in its forecast for the current year. Despite the downturn in China, which should have a greater impact on companies selling to consumers than manufacturers, I expect earnings of the order of £1.30 a share in 2016, still a hefty 22% down on 2015.

Over the last 15 years, Renishaw’s earnings per share have grown by more than 10% per annum on average. I expect growth of similar order from 2017.

Given Renishaw’s growth prospects, I’ll be happy with an earnings yield of 5% in the current year (which implies a dividend yield of less than 2.5%). On my assumption of £1.30 earnings per share for 2016, I therefore value it at £26 a share (£1.30 is 5% of £26). In other words, my valuation of Renishaw is more than 30% greater than the current share price.

I have no intention of selling at such a large discount to Renishaw’s fair value — my assessment of fair value, of course. I also believe that the experts are wrong about diversification: it is a false god that will not shield me from the vagaries of the market. My experience tells me that I am better off investing in fewer than a dozen companies, ideally in uncorrelated sectors that offer the prospect of good long-term returns and limited downside risk. At its current price, Renishaw qualifies as one of those companies.
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Investing in in uncorrelated shares is what everybody is trying to do when it comes to diversification.

Investing in an index gives you this plus the market return which seems to be difficult to beat.

A value bias seems to have some historical merit and your investment style seems to tie in with this. Have you any stats in terms of how your portfolio has performed v the market
 
Have you any stats in terms of how your portfolio has performed v the market

Yes, I do have stats on the relative performance of my portfolio, but I only have completely dependable statistics for the last five years or so. I am loath to publish performance figures until I have survived at least one severe downturn. Suffice to say that, so far, I’m doing well compared to the professional fund managers, but I have still some way to go to challenge the Sage of Omaha. As an aside, the share discussed in this morning’s column has been good news for my portfolio’s performance: I estimate that the average capital return over the last 17 years was 9.9% per annum, to which we can add another 2.5% or thereabouts by way of dividend yield, giving a total gross return of around 12.4% per annum. That one share accounts for a meaningful double digit percentage of my overall portfolio, and so the contribution to the portfolio's long-term performance has been quite significant.

What is more important for me than bald performance statistics however is the fact that I know I am investing in real companies employing real people and providing real goods and services. After studying their annual reports, chairman's statements, etc., I can make informed judgements on whether or not their shares are good value. If I am investing in a passive index, on the other hand, I don’t have a clue about future prospects. Okay, I can compare the dividend yield or the P/E ratio for the index with historic values, but I can’t evaluate if the earnings or dividends for the entire market can be maintained in future. I can try to make that judgement with a real company.
 
Disclosure: I, too, have shares in Renishaw. But we are not speculating on Askaboutmoney about the value of the company.

I have long argued that people overdiversify. I think that 10 blue chip shares is enough.

But I don't think that anyone else should do what you are doing Colm. You have the time and the expertise and the balance to do such fundamental analysis. Although you are overweight in Renishaw, I suspect that if it crashed, your wealth and income would not leave you penniless.

Let me put it like this. Let's say a pensioner has a pension fund of €1m which is his entire wealth and source of income. I think he should be invested in around 10 shares equally. If he is convinced that one of them is a star and invests €500k in the share, and something goes wrong, his long term future will be at serious risk.

If someone else has €10m and invests €5m in one share, he will still have €5m if that share goes bust. He will regret the investment, but he will not starve.

I have about 10 shares of equal value. I don't have the expertise that you have to pick shares. Earlier this year, DCC shot up after good results and ended up about 20% of my portfolio. I still think DCC is a good share. But I sold half of it to reduce my exposure. It was very hard to do, particularly as I will have a significant CGT bill. But I am convinced that it was the right thing to do for me and for 99% of other investors. I am now facing a similar "problem" with Ryanair. It has done very well, and I am now overweight. I will also reduce my holding in them.
 
Brendan,

I wish I were as wealthy as you seem to think I am! Anyway, let’s leave that aside for the moment.

I recognise that we do not want to get into discussions on an individual share, be it Renishaw or whatever.

At a general level, I would argue that the question of the extent to which one is comfortable with a high level of concentration in an individual share depends on the fundamentals of the company. I would be very wary of being overweight in a company that has high levels of gearing, much less so if my investment were in a company with low gearing levels. Having said that however, I recognise that there are different types of gearing, not just of the financial variety.

I don’t have a problem with your suggestion re 10 shares being sufficient, but I would be quite concerned if there were strong correlations between them. For example, it would be naive in the extreme to have invested in the top 10 Irish shares before the crash: you could have had 30% of your money in AIB, BOI and Anglo!! As I said at the end of my article, the investments should ideally be in uncorrelated sectors.
 
At a general level, I would argue that the question of the extent to which one is comfortable with a high level of concentration in an individual share depends on the fundamentals of the company

But most of us would not have the skills to analyse the fundamentals.

An example. A friend of mine, a retired accountant, told me about a company which had property assets around twice the price of the shares. It was losing a small amount of money, so the worst outcome was that they would cease trading, sell the assets and distribute the cash to the shareholders.

I looked at the company and my friend had completely misread the accounts. The company had very few net assets. A receiver was appointed shortly after our conversation and his shares became worthless.

I have read more complicated sets of accounts, and often find them very difficult to understand. You spend a lot of time on a few companies and watch them over a period of years, so you are in a good position to assess them. But I wouldn't be able to do that. It's just easier to buy 10 diversified blue chip shares and take the wins and the losses.

In short, diversification may not be right for you Colm, but it's right for nearly everyone else.

Brendan
 
As Mr Buffet says, diversification is protection against ignorance.

The vast, vast majority of investors would be far better advised to simply invest in widely diversified funds or investment trusts.
 
Colm

Isn't the Renishaw example just a specific that doesn't prove a generality Volkswagen is an excellent company...look what happened to it. And Brendan, another 9/11 could affect his wealth in the context of his Ryanair holding. Concentration risk is very real.

My understanding is that the academic work suggests that one should hold a minimum of 30 individual stocks. I am not recommending a particular share or investment, but I hold one fund - Finsbury Growth & Income Trust. I like the manager and the diversification.
 
My understanding is that the academic work suggests that one should hold a minimum of 30 individual stocks. I am not recommending a particular share or investment, but I hold one fund - Finsbury Growth & Income Trust. I like the manager and the diversification.

The problem is identifying which 30 stocks.

IIRC less than 90 stocks of the S&P500 were constituents of the index 50 years ago. Today's blue chip heroes may well turn out to be tomorrow's dogs.

As an aside, I would suggest that Finsbury is actually a pretty concentrated portfolio - from memory the top three holdings represent around 25% of NAV - it's hardly a default core holding.
 
Last edited:
As an aside, I would suggest that Finsbury is actually a pretty concentrated portfolio - from memory the top three holdings represent around 25% of NAV - it's hardly a default core holding.

Yeah, I get that. I don't have buckets of personal cash available for investment though, so it's not a huge sum of money. There's a lot more value in my pension which is invested far more broadly. I just like the Finsbury manager...nothing bought or sold for around three years from memory.
 
I don't have buckets of personal cash available for investment though, so it's not a huge sum of money. There's a lot more value in my pension which is invested far more broadly.

That is a key point. You must look at your entire wealth. You should not simply be looking for diversification of a part of your portfolio. I see my home, my pension fund and my available assets all as my assets and diversify, or not, accordingly.

Brendan
 
I have edited the second post in this thread to reproduce the article in full, with Colm's permission.

Brendan
 
Yeah, I get that. I don't have buckets of personal cash available for investment though, so it's not a huge sum of money. There's a lot more value in my pension which is invested far more broadly. I just like the Finsbury manager...nothing bought or sold for around three years from memory.

Ah, understood - I may have read too much into your comment about holding one fund.

I've certainly no problem with holding a conviction fund or trust, or even a small number of single stocks, as a relatively modest part of an overall portfolio, which obviously includes pension savings.
 
Back
Top